Naturally the focal point of a rather formal scheme will be more highly developed architecturally and therefore seem more important than one in an informal or naturalistic de sign. A focal point, however, is no less necessary to the in formal development. In such a scheme axial relationship is not stressed. The focal point, although often located on axis need not be developed so highly as in a formal pattern. Though it may be a wall fountain or garden house, it can be simple, rustic in character, and unobtrusive. Groups of interesting plants, trees or shrubs of pleasing shape and texture, may be used instead of architectural detail. A group of hemlock cented by a tall cedar and edged down with laurel would be an example. Well placed groups of garden furniture or sculp ture will serve, if they are enframed and given a background that ties them harmoniously into the scheme.

Because so many gardeners are horticulturally minded, and want flowers above all, they do not always realize the importance of this structural aspect of garden design. They rely too much on planting for effect. During the winter when planting is not at its best, a well-designed garden is still beautiful with attractive water features that create a picture and engage the attention. Many an otherwise admirable garden is not as effective as it might be because the principal feature has never been placed. Try to avoid this eventuality. As compared with plant material, structural features are generally more expen sive, but they are nevertheless indispensable, and should really go in first.

Simple vs. Complex Patterns

The elaboration of the garden pattern is influenced by the type of plant arrangement it is to contain. For example, if the garden is to be viewed from a raised terrace or porch a complicated pattern is effective. It can be planted for broad seasonal effects with relatively low-growing plants of only a few varieties. If you intend, however to arrange groups of flowering plants against a background of foliage, wall, fence, or hedge to be viewed close by and as individual pictures rather than as parts of a whole display, a complicated pattern is a hindrance. In such a case the pattern should be simple, preferably, long borders and wide beds against the garden enclosure with plenty of open center space from which to view the various plant arrangements.

Too often the beginner selects for his first garden the most complicated pattern he can find. As experience increases he simplifies until finally a simple and direct scheme is produced.

In nearly every other field, even in dressmaking and cooking, the reverse is true. We begin with the simple and obvious and, as skill increases, we pass on to the more difficult. This is a better practice in garden planning and planting too.